|
Yu the Great (, c. 2200 – 2100 BC)〔Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). ''Huaxia Quming Yishu'' 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: ''Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan'' 知書房出版集團), 42.〕 was a legendary ruler in ancient China famed for his introduction of flood control, inaugurating dynastic rule in China by founding the Xia Dynasty, and for his upright moral character.〔戴逸, 龔書鐸. () (2003) 中國通史. 史前 夏 商 西周. Intelligence press. ISBN 962-8792-80-6. p 40.〕 The dates proposed for Yu's reign precede the oldest known written records in China, the oracle bones of the late Shang dynasty, by nearly a millennium. No inscriptions on artifacts from the supposed era of Yu, nor the later oracle bones, make any mention of Yu; he does not appear in inscription until vessels dating to the Western Zhou period (c. 1045–771 BC). The lack of anything remotely close to contemporary documentary evidence has led to some controversy over the historicity of Yu. Proponents of the historicity of Yu theorise that stories about his life and reign were transmitted orally in various areas of China recorded in the Zhou dynasty, while opponents believe the figure existed in legend in a different form - as a god or mythical animal - in the Xia dynasty, and was only changed into a human figure at the start of the Zhou dynasty. Many of the stories about Yu were collected in Sima Qian's famous ''Records of the Grand Historian''. Yu and other "sage-kings" of Ancient China were lauded for their virtues and morals by Confucius and other Chinese teachers.〔戴逸, 龔書鐸. () (2003) 中國通史. 史前 夏 商 西周. Intelligence press. ISBN 962-8792-80-6. p 36.〕 Yu is one of the few Chinese rulers posthumously honored with the epithet "the Great". ==Ancestry and early life== According to several ancient Chinese records, Yu was the 8th great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor: Yu's father Gun was the 5th great-grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu; Zhuanxu's father, Changyi, was the second son of the Yellow Emperor.〔Book of Han (律曆志) chapter〕〔Book of Lineages (世本)〕〔戴逸, 龔書鐸. () (2003) 中國通史. 史前 夏 商 西周. Intelligence press. ISBN 962-8792-80-6. p 38.〕〔Zynews.com. "(Zynews.com )." ''Xia dynasty brief history.'' Retrieved on 2010-09-18.〕 Yu was said to have been born at Mount Wen (), in modern day Beichuan County, Sichuan Province,〔"(Jiangsu.gov.cn )." 四川省汶川縣情及人文地理. (Chinese) Retrieved on 2010-09-18.〕 though there are debates as to whether he was born in Shifang instead.〔Scta.gov.cn. "(Scta.gov.cn )." (Chinese) Retrieved on 2010-09-18.〕 Yu's mother was of the Youxin clan named either Nüzhi () or Nüxi (). When Yu was a child, his father Gun moved the people east toward the Central Plain. King Yao enfeoffed Gun as lord of Chong, usually identified as the middle peak of Mount Song. Yu is thus believed to have grown up on the slopes of Mount Song, just south of the Yellow River.〔Hubeiwater.gov.cn. (Hubeiwater.gov.cn 大禹三过家门而不入与洪湖抗洪十字歌的精神浅谈. ) (Chinese). Retrieved on 2010-09-18.〕 He later married a woman from Mount Tu () who is generally referred to as Tushan-shi ().〔Wang Hengwei 王恆偉. (2006) ''Zhongguo Lishi Jiangtang'' 中國歷史講堂 #1 ''Yuan Gu Zhi Chunqiu'' 遠古至春秋. ''Zhonghua Shuju'' 中華書局. ISBN 962-8885-24-3. p 18.〕 They had a son named Qi, a name literally meaning "revelation".〔 The location of Mount Tu has always been disputed. The two most probable locations are Mount Tu in Anhui Province and the Tu Peak of the Southern Mountain in Chongqing Municipality. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yu the Great」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|